Jul 16, 2025
Indlela i-Reverse Osmosis Eyathuthukiswa Ngayo Ukuze Isetshenziswe EmaSubmarineni
Indaba ye-Reverse Osmosis (RO) iwubufakazi bokuthi ubuchwepheshe obusha buvela lapho kudingeka izixazululo ezingcono. Nakuba i-RO isisetshenziswa kabanzi emakhaya, ezimbonini nasemadolobheni, yasungulwa ekuqaleni ukusiza ama-submarine – izikebhe ezinzima ezihamba ngaphansi kolwandle – ukuthi azinikeze amanzi ahlanzekile avela olwandle. Le ndlela yaholela ekuthuthukisweni kobuchwepheshe obusha bokuhlanza amanzi.
Inkinga Yamanzi Ahlanzekile Ezikebheni Ezihamba Ngaphansi Kolwandle
Ama-submarine abhekana nenkinga enkulu: ukuswela amanzi okuphuza ngesikhathi eside ehlala ngaphansi kwamanzi. Amanzi adingeka kakhulu ukuze abasebenzi baphuze, baphake ukudla, futhi bahlale behlanzekile.
Ngaphambi kokuthi kuthuthukiswe i-RO, ama-submarine ayencike:
- Emanzini agcinwe esikebheni – kodwa lokhu kwakunciphisa isikhathi sokuhlala olwandle
- Ezinhlelweni zokubila (distillation) – ezinkulu, zidla ugesi, futhi kulula ukuthi zonakale uma kuhlanzwe amanzi olwandle
Ngeminyaka yama-1950 kuya kwangama-60s, iNavy yaseMelika yafuna indlela encane, esebenza kahle futhi ethembekile yokuhlanza amanzi olwandle, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi seMpi Yomshoshaphansi (Cold War), lapho ama-submarine ayedinga ukuhlala isikhathi eside phansi kwamanzi ngaphandle kokuphuma.
Ukuqala Kwe-Reverse Osmosis (RO)
Ngo-1959, ososayensi base-UCLA (University of California, Los Angeles) babonisa okokuqala ukuthi kungenzeka ukuhlunga amanzi olwandle besebenzisa i-membrane – indwangu ekhethekile evumela amanzi ukuthi adlule, kodwa ivimbe usawoti nezinye izinto ezingcolile.
Uhulumeni waseMelika kanye neNavy baqala ukuxhasa ucwaningo ukuze:
- Kwenziwe ama-membrane aqinile
- Kwande ukugeleza kwamanzi
- Kwehliswe amandla asetshenziswa
- Kwenziwe uhlelo oluncane nolulula
Kungani i-RO Ifanele Ama-Submarine
Izici eziyinhloko ezenza i-RO yaba yinhle kakhulu kumasubmarine:
- Idizayini encane – ithatha isikhala esincane
- Ayidingi ukushisa – ifanele indawo lapho ukushisa kungelona usizo noma kuyingozi
- Ayidingi ukulungiswa njalo – iyasebenza isikhathi eside ngaphandle kwezinkinga
- Iyakwazi ukulungiswa ngaphezulu noma ngaphansi kwemfuneko
Ukusetshenziswa Kokuqala Kwezempi
Ngo-1970s, kwafakwa uhlelo lokuqala lwe-RO ema-submarineni aseNavy yaseMelika. Lolu hlelo lwaluqukethe:
- Ama-pompo aphakeme okucindezela amanzi
- Ama-membrane ayindilinga (spiral wound)
- Uhlelo lokuhlanza amanzi ngaphambi kokuwathumela kwi-RO membrane
Nakuba la masistimu okuqala ayengenawo amandla amakhulu, akhombisa ukuthi ama-submarine angakwazi ukuzihlanzela amanzi olwandle abe amanzi okuphuza, ngaphandle kokuxhomeka ezintweni zangaphandle.
Umthelela Nefa Lobuchwepheshe
Ukufakwa kwe-RO kumasubmarine kwashintsha indlela ezisebenza ngayo. Ama-submarine akwazi ukuhlala isikhathi eside ngaphansi kwamanzi, abe nabasebenzi abaningi, futhi angancika kangako ekugcinweni kwamanzi.
Ubuchwepheshe be-RO buqhubekele phambili busebenza:
- Emafektri okwenza amanzi olwandle abe okuphuza
- Ezinhlelweni zokuphuthumayo zokuhlinzeka ngamanzi ezindaweni ezihlaselwe izinhlekelele
- Ezindaweni ezikude ezinganawo amanzi ahlanzekile
Namuhla, i-RO isetshenziswa kakhulu emhlabeni wonke njengeyona ndlela ephambili yokuhlanza amanzi olwandle.
Isiphetho
Ukuthuthukiswa kwe-RO ngenxa yesidingo sama-submarine kwaba yisinyathelo esibalulekile emlandweni wokuhlanzwa kwamanzi. Lokho okwake kwaba isixazululo sezempi, manje sekusiza izigidi zabantu emhlabeni wonke ukuba babe nokufinyelela emanzini ahlanzekile.
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